Namesakes
Austrian Dukes and Emperors:
3 archdukes
Archduke Joseph I (a.k.a. Anton) 1705-1711 
Archduke Karl II (a.k.a. Anton) 1711-1740
Archduke Joseph II (a.k.a. Anton) 1765-1790
Bohemian Kings:
3 kings
King Josef I (a.k.a. Anton) 1705-1711
King Karel II (a.k.a. Anton) 1711-1740
King Josef II (a.k.a. Anton) 1780-1790
Bulgarian Presidents and Prime Ministers:
1 prime minister
(prime minister) Anton Yugov 1956-1962
Fictional Characters from Books:
1 villain
Anton Chigurh 2005 No Country For Old Men
Fictional Characters from Movies:
1 villain
Anton Chigurh 2007 No Country For Old Men
Fictional Characters from Television:
1 character
Jacob Ness (a.k.a. Anton) 2005 Prison Break
German Kings and Holy Roman Emperors:
3 king-emperors
King-Emperor Joseph I (a.k.a. Anton) 1690-1711
King-Emperor Karl VI (a.k.a. Anton) 1711-1740
King-Emperor Joseph II (a.k.a. Anton) 1764-1790
Hungarian Kings and Queens:
3 kings
King József I (a.k.a. Anton) 1687-1711
King Károly III (a.k.a. Anton) 1711-1740
King József II (a.k.a. Anton) 1780-1790
Nobel Prize Winners:
1 physics
(physics) Anton Zeilinger 2022
Notable Actors and Entertainers:
3 actors
Anton Walbrook 1896-1967
Anton Lesser 1952-
Anton Yelchin 1989-2016
Notable Artists:
3 painters
Anton Raphael Mengs 1728-1779
Anton Ažbe 1862-1905
Anton Lehmden 1929-2018
Notable Athletes:
2 soccer, 1 basketball, 1 skiing, 1 track
(skiing) Toni Sailer 1935-2009
(soccer) Franz Beckenbauer (a.k.a. Anton) 1945-2024
(basketball) Anton Ponkrashov 1986-
(soccer) Ruben Zadkovich (a.k.a. Anton) 1986-
(track) Anton Kokorin 1987-
Notable Musicians:
3 composers, 1 musician
Anton Bruckner 1824-1896
Anton Rubinstein 1829-1894
Anton Webern 1883-1945
Anton "Zedd" Zaslavski 1989-
Notable Politicians and Statespeople:
2 politicians
Ronald Plasterk (a.k.a. Anton) 1957-
Jeroen Dijsselbloem (a.k.a. Anton) 1966-
Notable Scientists and Inventors:
1 astronomer, 1 biologist
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (a.k.a. Anton) 1632-1723
Anton Pannekoek 1873-1960
Notable Writers:
2 authors, 1 author/poet
Anton Chekhov 1860-1904
Anton Koolhaas 1912-1992
Jules Deelder (a.k.a. Anton) 1944-2019
Olympic Medalists:
3 gold, 2 bronze, 2 silver, 1 bronze/gold, 1 gold/bronze/silver
(silver) Anton Hegarty 1920 cross country team
(gold) Toni Sailer 1956 alpine skiing
(silver) Ante Nardeli 1964 water polo
(gold) Anton Geesink 1964 judo
(bronze) Ton Buunk 1976 water polo
(gold/bronze/silver) Apolo Ohno (a.k.a. Anton) 2002; 2006; 2010 speed skating
(bronze) Anton Ponkrashov 2012 basketball
(gold) Anton Kushnir 2014 freestyle skiing
(bronze/gold) Anton Shipulin 2010; 2014 biathlon
Other Leaders:
1 president, 1 prime minister
President Anton Buttiġieġ 1976-1981 Malta
Prime Minister Anton Rop 2002-2004 Slovenia
Other Religious Leaders:
1 leader
Anton LaVey 1966-1997 Church of Satan
Other Royalty:
1 prince
Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein 1718-1721 Liechtenstein
Romanian Presidents and Prime Ministers:
1 prime minister
(prime minister) Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu (a.k.a. Anton) 2004-2008
Saints:
2 saints, 1 blessed
Saint Anton of Martkopi 5xx-?
Saint Anton II of Georgia 1762-1827
Blessed Anton Maria Schwartz 1852-1929
Swiss Presidents:
1 president
Otto Stich (a.k.a. Anton) 1988; 1994