Spanish Kings and Queens

In the 10th century all of Spain was under the control of the Islamic Caliphate of Cordoba, with the exception of the northern Kingdoms of Asturias and Navarre and the Spanish March. Sancho III of Navarre united the greater parts of these realms in the early 11th century, but upon his death his kingdom was split between his sons into Navarre, Aragon, and Castile. Castile soon merged with the Kingdom of León in the northwest of Spain, while Aragon and the county of Catalonia eventually merged in the east. Meanwhile the caliphate in the south had collapsed, and Castile and Aragon expanded their borders south until in 1248 the only Muslim possession in Spain was Granada (which lasted until 1492).

Castile and Aragon were united as Spain in 1479 when the husband and wife team of Fernando III of Aragon and Isabel I of Castile ascended the thrones. After their deaths the crown of Spain went to their grandson Carlos (the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), a Habsburg, who also possessed extensive territories in Austria. Spain was ruled by the Spanish Habsburgs until 1700, at which time occurred the War of the Spanish Succession and the installment of a French Bourbon king, Felipe VI, as the ruler of Spain.

The monarchy was absent in Spain from 1808 to 1814 (as a result of Napoleon), and from 1931 to 1975.

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NameYearsRealmOther Names
Alfonso XII1874-1885
Alfonso XIII1885-1931
Amadeo I of Savoy1870-1873(Amadeus)
Carlos I1516-1556(Charles, Karl)
Carlos II the Bewitched1665-1700(Charles)
Carlos III1759-1788(Charles)
Carlos IV1788-1808(Charles)
Felipe II the Prudent1556-1598(Philip)
Felipe III the Pious1598-1621(Philip)
Felipe IV1621-1665(Philip)
Felipe V of Anjou1700-1724; 1724-1746(Philip)
Felipe VI2014-
Fernando VI1746-1759(Ferdinand)
Fernando VII1808; 1814-1833(Ferdinand)
Isabel II the Glorious1833-1868(Isabella)
José Bonaparte1808-1813(Giuseppe, Joseph)
Juan Carlos I1975-2014
Juana the Mad1504-1555(Joan, Joanna)
Luis I1724(Louis)
Alfonso I the Warrior1104-1134Aragon
Alfonso II the Chaste1164-1196Aragon
Alfonso III1285-1291Aragon
Alfonso IV the Good1327-1336Aragon
Alfonso V the Magnanimous1416-1458Aragon
Fernando I1412-1416Aragon(Ferdinand)
Fernando II the Catholic1479-1516Aragon(Ferdinand)
Jaime I the Conqueror1213-1276Aragon(James)
Jaime II the Just1291-1327Aragon(James)
Juan I1387-1396Aragon(John)
Juan II1458-1479Aragon(John)
Martín the Kind1396-1410Aragon
Pedro I1094-1104Aragon(Peter)
Pedro II1196-1213Aragon(Peter)
Pedro III the Great1276-1285Aragon(Peter)
Pedro IV the Ceremonious1336-1387Aragon(Peter)
Petronilla1137-1164Aragon(Petronella, Petronila)
Ramiro I1035-1063Aragon
Ramiro II the Monk1134-1137Aragon
Sancho Ramirez1063-1094Aragon
Alfonso VI the Valiant1072-1073Castile
Alfonso VII the Emperor1126-1157Castile
Alfonso VIII the Noble1158-1214Castile
Alfonso X the Wise1252-1284Castile
Alfonso XI the Just1312-1350Castile
Berenguela the Great1217Castile(Berengaria)
Enrique I1214-1217Castile(Henry)
Enrique II the Bastard1369-1379Castile(Henry)
Enrique III the Infirm1390-1406Castile(Henry)
Enrique IV the Impotent1454-1474Castile(Henry)
Felipe I the Handsome1506Castile(Philip)
Fernando I the Great1035-1065Castile(Ferdinand)
Fernando III the Saint1217-1252Castile(Ferdinand)
Fernando IV the Summoned1295-1312Castile(Ferdinand)
Isabel I the Catholic1474-1504Castile(Isabella)
Juan I1379-1390Castile(John)
Juan II1406-1454Castile(John)
Pedro the Cruel1350-1369Castile(Peter)
Sancho II the Strong1065-1072Castile
Sancho III the Desired1157-1158Castile
Sancho IV the Brave1284-1295Castile
Urraca1109-1126Castile
Alfonso IX1188-1230Leon
Fernando II1157-1188Leon(Ferdinand)
Sancho III the Great1000-1035Navarre