Hattie Wyatt Caraway was the second woman to serve in the United States Senate, and the first to be elected. Caraway’s fourteen years in the United States Senate were more consequential than they are usually credited with.Hattie Watt was born in 1878 in Tennessee in 1878. She earned a bachelors degree from a teaching college in Dickson, Tennessee, and worked as a teacher for a period before she married her college classmate, Thaddeus Caraway, in 1902. The Caraway family settled in Jonesboro, Arkansas; Thaddeus built a legal practice, whereas Hattie tended to a cotton farm and cared for the family’s three children. In 1912, Thaddeus Caraway was elected to the House of Representatives from Arkansas, where he served until his election to the Senate in 1920. Hattie was politically interested, but not particularly publicly engaged with her husband’s career. In 1926, the family moved to the historic Georgian mansion known as Riverside, which put Wyatt Caraway closer to the political center, but nonetheless avoided politics. Thaddeus Caraway’s political legacy was a complicated mix. Though regarded as a progressive reformer, he exhibited hostility to civil rights and introduced legislation to expand and codify Jim Crow legislation. He also sponsored legislation requiring open government, particularly in the wake of the Teapot Dome scandal.In November 1931, Thaddeus Caraway died. Arkansas governor Harvey Parnell (D-AK) appointed Hattie Wyatt Caraway, now a widow, to fill the seat. She was sworn in 9 December 1931, becoming the second woman to serve in the Senate.Few political observers thought Wyatt Caraway would serve long in the Senate. She won a special election for the seat in January 1932, with the backing of Arkansas’ Democratic Party, but the race for the 1932 Democratic Senate election primary was already crowded by mid-1932. Wyatt Caraway decided to use a moment during which she was presiding over the Senate in May 1932 to announce her campaign for the full Senate term. She lacked any real political backing, and received a great deal of criticism from those who believed she needed to stay home to take care of her children. (All three were West Point graduates well into impressive careers in the US Army.) When Senator Huey Long (D-LA) offered to campaign for her, she took him up on the offer; he spent a week on the road for her just before the Democratic primary, and won the primary due in no small part to his support.The audacity to simply run was Hattie Wyatt Caraway’s most daring achievement during her Senate. Wyatt Caraway only spoke about fifteen recorded times during her Senate tenure, about one address per year. She only wore black in public for her entire Senate tenure, in mourning for her husband. She was granted the pejorative nickname Silent Hattie, criticized as a grandmotherly figure who did very little.Some of that reputation was unwarranted. Wyatt Caraway proved in fact an astute observer on occasion. In a diary she kept during her first months in the Senate (the aforementioned text edited by Diane Kincaid Blair), she wrote that she didn’t speak much because she didn’t want "to take a minute away from the men. The poor dears love it so." She noted wryly that she had been given the same desk in the Senate that had been given to Senator Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA), the only other woman to serve in the Senate, because the men didn’t want any other desks “contaminated” by women.Nonetheless, Wyatt Caraway’s diary demonstrates how and why she was largely dismissed. She notes more instances of doing sweeping at the Riverside mansion than doing the work of politics. (The mansion would be foreclosed upon shortly into Wyatt Caraway’s Senate career.) This wasn’t necessarily a fair characterization of her own work in the body, but it does demonstrate how that narrative was constructed.In 14 years in the Senate, Wyatt Caraway became known as a fairly reliable supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, particularly on farm relief and flood control. She was a skeptic of the United States’ involvement in World War II, though she supported involvement after Pearl harbor. She was a prohibitionist, a skeptic of lobbyists, and a friend to veterans’ groups. She became a co-sponsor of the GI Bill in 1944. She secured $15 million for the construction of an aluminum plant in Arkansas. She secured federal loan funding for Arkansas colleges for the first time. With a focus on rural and agricultural issues, Wyatt Caraway was noted and beloved for her constituent services. A common saying circulated in Arkansas: “Write Senator Caraway. She will help you if she can.” As the first woman in the Senate, Wyatt Caraway set a number of firsts for women in politics. She chaired the Enrolled Bills Committee, becoming the first woman to chair a Senate committee. She was the first to preside over the Senate, and the first to run a Senate hearing. She was usually dismissed by her male colleagues. She had a rough relationship with Senator Joseph Robinson (D-AK), her state’s senior Senator, who believed she wasn’t a “real” Senator.Wyatt Caraway sponsored the Equal Rights Amendment in 1943, thirty years before it became a cultural touchstone. The amendment had been introduced eleven times previously, and Wyatt Caraway had worked behind the scenes for its passage since 1937.On race, though, Wyatt Caraway followed largely in her husband’s footsteps. She voted regularly with the Southern Democrats on race. She voted against antilynching legislation, and joined other southern Senators in a filibuster over a bill to eliminate the poll tax.Wyatt Caraway surprised political observers with her willingness to continue to compete in election. In 1938, she ran against a member of the House of Representatives who played up his gender while dismissing Wyatt Caraway’s. She received a great deal of support, including a rather tepid endorsement from President Franklin D. Roosevelt. She won the primary by a thin margin, and won the general election. By 1944, the political winds had shifted. Wyatt Caraway finished fourth in the 1944 Democratic Senate primary, earning just 13% of the vote; J. William Fulbright won the primary and eventually the general election.On her last day in the Senate, 3 January 1945, she received a standing ovation from her Senate colleagues. One offered something of a backhanded compliment, declaring, “Mrs. Caraway is the kind of woman Senator that men Senators prefer.”After leaving the Senate, Wyatt Caraway spent some time on various appointed boards and commissions until she was felled by a stroke in January 1950. She died in December 1950 at age 72.Though Wyatt Caraway’s Senate tenure was largely lonely, she did serve alongside three additional women: Rose McConnell Long (D-LA, 1936-1937); Dixie Bibb Graves (D-AL, 1937-1938); and Gladys Pyle (R-SD, 1938-1939). All but Pyle were appointed after their husband’s death, and none served more than a year.In the seventy years since Wyatt Caraway’s death, only two women have represented Arkansas in Congress: Rep. Catherine Dorris Norrell (Representative, D-AK, 1961-62) and Blanche Lincoln (Representative, D-AK, 1993-1997; Senator, D-AK, 1999-2011).
I love this name! I haven’t found a name that I could use to make Hattie a nickname that I love yet so maybe I would use the name Haddie instead to make it less nicknamey.
― Anonymous User 4/2/2021
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Reminds me of the Mad Hatter.
― Anonymous User 4/1/2021
0
Pretty, unique, and cute name, yet, as some other commenters said, this should only be used as a nickname.
Yuck, yuck, yuck. This is no first name in my opinion; it should stick to being a nickname. It doesn't really even seem that appealing as a nickname either, it reminds me of hats.
― Anonymous User 7/9/2019
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I like my name. Sad that nobody can remember it. I was named after my great grandma- it is a very old fashioned name. But I like how most the people in here think that the name Hattie belongs to a pretty girl. It is sweet, but I am not one of those Hatties. Though, I am nice, I feel like most Hatties would have good manners, be shy, and nice... And funny :) Have a good day!
Such a sweet name, but I dislike Harriet and Henrietta, so I'd probably just name my daughter Hattie as her first name.
― Anonymous User 11/23/2018
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It’s a cute name.
― Anonymous User 11/18/2018
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In 2018, 85 is the most common age for an American (U.S.) Hattie who is registered female with the Social Security Administration. It is the 1, 033rd most common female first name for living U.S. citizens.
This was the nickname of one of author Harriett Beecher Stowe's twin daughters. Hattie and Eliza Stowe were born in 1836, and Hattie, the more adventurous of the twins, lived until 1907.
I love this as a nickname. I'd only name my daughter Hattie if I lived in England though. The name sounds awesome with a British accent (same with the name Lottie). Hattie sounds weird with my American accent (HADDIE).
Hattie is such an adorable, sweet name for a girl. ^_^
― Anonymous User 10/23/2015
5
This name reminds me of the British comedic actress Hattie Jacques but it was just her stage name. Hattie is popular with the posh set in the UK as a nickname for Harriet but I think Hallie is much prettier.
I think this is a beautiful name. My cousin is named Hattie, & my great grandmother was also called Hattie (although her real name was Hedwig). Hattie is an uncommon name, but sounds very pretty and unique.
― Anonymous User 11/9/2010
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"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll" is a topical song written by the American musician Bob Dylan. The song was released on Dylan's album The Times They Are A-Changin' and gives a generally factual account of the killing of 51-year-old barmaid Hattie Carroll by the wealthy young tobacco farmer from Charles County, Maryland, William Devereux "Billy" Zantzinger (whom the song calls "William Zanzinger"), and his subsequent sentence to six months in a county jail. Dylan's song, however, sentenced Zantzinger to lifelong infamy. The song never mentions that Zantzinger was white, and Hattie Carroll black and the lyrics are a commentary on the racism of the 1960s, which valued a black woman's life so lightly. Hattie Carroll was killed by a toy cane.I can't get past the association to this story - but maybe that's partly why I like the name. Now it's someone and something important to remember. Poor woman.
― Anonymous User 8/3/2010
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Rachel Bilson has a younger sister named Hattie. She was named after their great-grandmother, who was a screenwriter.
I personally like this name, not enough to use it though. But if someone else does, go for it. Hattie would sound refreshing today in the world of Emily's and Madison's.
Hattie McDaniel was the first African-American actress to win an Academy Award, for Best Supporting Actress for her role of Mammy in Gone with the Wind (1939).
― Anonymous User 2/26/2007
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I love this name. I makes me think of someone pretty and honest, with blue eyes and light brown hair.