Ancient Elements

princeps Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "first in line".

pritanī Brythonic (Hypothetical)
Brythonic word meaning "Briton, Celt of the British Islands".

prīti प्रीति Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "pleasure, joy, love".

priyaṃkara प्रियंकर Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "agreeable, amiable".

protos πρῶτος Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "first".

provincia Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "province, command".

pṛthvī पृथ्वी Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "earth".

pû Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "mouth, word".

pūjā पूजा Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "honour, worship", the name of a Hindu ritual.

pŭlkŭ пълкъ Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "people, host, army".

punīta पुनीत Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "cleaned, purified".

pura पुर Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "fortress, city".

pūrṇimā पूर्णिमा Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "full moon".

purus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "clean, pure".

puruṣa पुरुष Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "man, person".

puṣpa पुष्प Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "flower".

puteus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "well (for water), pit".

putra पुत्र Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "child, son".

putrī पुत्री Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "daughter".

pyr πῦρ Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "fire".

pytt Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "pit, hole, well".

qana קָנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to acquire, to purchase".

qrt 𐤒𐤓𐤕 Phoenician
Phoenician word meaning "city".

quetzalli Aztec
Nahuatl word meaning "quetzal feather, precious thing".

quinque Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "five".

quintus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "fifth".

qum קוּם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to raise".

ra 1 र Sanskrit
Sanskrit affix meaning "acquiring, possessing".

raʾa רָאָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to see, to perceive".

raʿa רָעָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to feed, to graze, shepherd".

racana रचन Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "creation, preparation".

rad 1 Old High German
Old High German word meaning "wheel".

rad 2 Frankish (Hypothetical)
Frankish word meaning "counsel, advice".

rādhā राधा Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "success, prosperity".

radovati Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "to make happy, to gladden".

radŭ радъ Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "happy, willing".

ræd Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "counsel, advice".

ræde Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "prepared, prompt, ready".

rafa רָפָא Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to heal".

ragin 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 Gothic
Gothic word meaning "law, decree, assessment, responsibility".

raginą Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "counsel, advice, decision".

raha Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "roe deer".

raḥam רָחַם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to pity, to be compassionate, to love".

raḥav רָחַב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to enlarge".

rāja राज Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "king".

rajanī रजनी Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "dark, night".

rajĭ Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "paradise".

rājīva राजीव Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "striped".

rājya राज्य Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "kingship, empire, royalty".

rākā राका Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "full moon".

rama Old Persian (Hypothetical)
Old Persian word meaning "peace".

raman 𐬭𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 Avestan
Avestan word meaning "peace".

ramaṇa रमण Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "pleasing, delightful".

rāṇā राणा Sanskrit
Sanskrit title meaning "king".

rana 1 𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰 Gothic (Hypothetical)
Gothic element possibly meaning "wedge".

rana 2 Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "frog".

randi Frankish (Hypothetical)
Frankish word meaning "rim (of a shield)".

randiz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "rim (of a shield)".

rāṇī राणी Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "queen".

rañjita रञ्जित Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "coloured, pleased, delighted".

rant Old High German
Old High German word meaning "rim (of a shield)".

ranŭ ранъ Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "early".

rasc Old High German
Old High German word meaning "quick".

raśmi रश्मि Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "ray of sunlight, rope, cord".

rat Old High German
Old High German word meaning "counsel, advice".

ráð Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "counsel, advice".

rath Old Dutch, Old Saxon
Old Dutch and Old Saxon word meaning "wheel".

raþą Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "wheel".

ratha रथ Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "chariot".

ratna रत्न Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "jewel, treasure".

raudaz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "red".

rauxshna Old Persian (Hypothetical)
Old Persian word meaning "bright, shining".

ravi रवि Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "sun".

raw Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "row, line".

raz רָז Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "secret".

ṛc ऋच Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "praise, verse, sacred text".

reaʿ רֵעַ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "friend".

read Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "red".

red Old Frisian
Old Frisian word meaning "counsel, advice".

rēdaz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "counsel, advice".

regalis Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "regal, royal".

regin Old Norse, Old High German (Hypothetical), Frankish (Hypothetical)
Old Norse, Old High German and Frankish word meaning "advice, counsel, decision". In Old Norse it acquired the meaning "power of the gods".

regina Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "queen" (feminine form of rex).

reginbogo Old High German
Old High German word meaning "rainbow".

regnum Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "royal power, reign".

regula Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "rule, bar".

reigaro Old High German
Old High German word meaning "heron".

reiks 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 Gothic
Gothic word meaning "ruler, king".

remedium Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "remedy".

rēnos Old Celtic (Hypothetical)
Celtic word meaning "expanse of water, waterway".

reʿuṯ רְעוּת Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "female friend".

rex Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "king" (genitive regis).

rězati рѣзати Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "to cut".

rhipe ῥιπή Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "throw, swing".

rhodon ῥόδον Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "rose".

rhoe ῥοή Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "stream, river, flow".

rhyte ῥυτή Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "rue (herb)".

ri 1 Old Welsh
Old Welsh word meaning "king".

rí Old Irish
Old Irish word meaning "king".

riābu Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "to replace, to compensate".

ric Anglo-Saxon
Old English affix meaning "ruler, king".

rice Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "power, rule, realm" or "mighty, rich" (from rīkiją and rīkijaz, derivatives of rīks).

ridan Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "to ride".

rīdaną Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "to ride".

rígain Old Irish
Old Irish word meaning "queen" (feminine form of rí).

rih Old High German
Old High German affix meaning "ruler, king".

rihhi Old High German
Old High German word meaning "kingdom, realm" or "rich, mighty" (from rīkiją and rīkijaz, derivatives of rīks).

rik Old Saxon, Frankish (Hypothetical)
Old Saxon and Frankish affix meaning "ruler, king".

ríkr Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "ruler, king" or "mighty, rich" (from rīkijaz, a derivative of rīks).

rīks Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "ruler, king" (of Celtic origin).

rīṇa रीण Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "melted".

rinna רִנָּה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "joy, singing, shouting".

ripa Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "riverbank".

riparius Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "of the riverbank".

rippel Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "coppice, grove, thicket".

ris Old Welsh
Old Welsh word meaning "ardour, enthusiasm, glory".

risi Old High German, Old Saxon
Old High German and Old Saxon word meaning "giant".

ritan Old High German
Old High German word meaning "to ride".

ríða Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "to ride".

riuti Old High German
Old High German word meaning "cleared land".

riv רִיב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to strive, to contend".

rivus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "stream".

rīxs Old Celtic (Hypothetical)
Celtic word meaning "king".

riya रिय Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "singer".

rm 𐤓𐤌 Phoenician
Phoenician word meaning "to be high".

robur Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "oak".

rod 1 Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "cleared land".

rod 2 Old Welsh
Old Welsh word meaning "wheel".

rohaṇa रोहण Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "ascension".

rohiṇī रोहिणी Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "ascending".

rohita रोहित Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "red".

ron 2 רֹן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "joy, song, shout".

ron 3 Old Welsh
Old Welsh word meaning "spear".

rǫnd Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "rim (of a shield)".

rosa 1 Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "rose".

rosa 2 роса Old Slavic (Hypothetical), Medieval Baltic (Hypothetical)
Slavic and Baltic word meaning "dew".

rot Old High German, Old Dutch
Old High German and Old Dutch word meaning "red".

rota Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "wheel".

róðr Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "rowing".

rotundus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "round".

ṛṣi ऋषि Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "sage, poet".

ṛtu ऋतु Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "season, period".

rúad Old Irish
Old Irish word meaning "red".

ruber Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "red".

rudą Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "cleared land".

rum 1 רוּם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to exalt, to be high, to rise up".

rum 2 Anglo-Saxon, Old Dutch
Old English and Old Dutch word meaning "roomy, spacious".

rūmaz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "roomy, spacious".

ruměnŭ Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "ruddy, rosy".

rún Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "secret lore, rune".

run Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "secret lore, rune".

runa Old High German
Old High German word meaning "secret lore, rune".

runcare Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "to weed, to clear".

rūnō Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "secret lore, rune".

rūpa रूप Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "shape, beauty, form".

russus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "red, reddish-brown".

ruð Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "cleared land".

rwm Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to be high".

ryba рꙑба Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "fish".

ryge Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "rye".

sādhanā साधना Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "accomplishment, completion".

sæ Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "sea".

sær Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "sea".

saga Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "tale, story".

sagu Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "saw".

sahsą Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "knife".

sahsaz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "a Saxon", referring to a member of the Germanic tribe (derived from sahsą).

sahso Old High German
Old High German word meaning "a Saxon", referring to a member of the Germanic tribe.

śaila शैल Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "mountain".

saiwiz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "sea".

sākṣin साक्षिन् Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "witness".

śakti शक्ति Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "power".

sal 1 Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "salt".

sal 2 Old High German
Old High German word meaning "house, hall".

salba 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌱𐌰 Old High German, Gothic
Old High German and Gothic word meaning "salve, ointment".

salbō Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "salve, ointment".

sali Frankish (Hypothetical)
Frankish word meaning "house, hall".

salix Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "willow".

saliz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "house, hall".

salo 1 Old High German
Old High German word meaning "dark, black".

salr Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "room, hall".

sals 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍃 Gothic (Hypothetical)
Gothic word meaning "house, hall".

saltus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "grove of trees, glade".

salus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "health".

salvus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "safe, healthy".

salwaz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "dusky, sallow".

śam शम् Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "auspicious, lucky".

sama सम Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "level, even, same".

samara 1 Ancient Roman
Latin word for the winged seeds that grow on trees such as maples and elms.

samdaz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "sand".

samīra समीर Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "wind, air".

saṃjita संजित Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "complete victory".

saṃjīva संजीव Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "living, reviving".

sampatti सम्पत्ति Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "success, prosperity, wealth".

sana 1 Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "healthy".

sanctorum Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "of the saints" (occurs in Omnium Sanctorum referring to All Saints' Day).

sanctus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "holy, saintly".

sand Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "sand".

sandīp सन्दीप् Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "to blaze, to burn".

sandr Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "sand".

sañjana सञजन Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "uniting, joining".

sant Old High German
Old High German word meaning "sand".

śāntī शान्ती Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "quiet, peace, tranquility".

sape Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "soap".

sappheiros σάπφειρος Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "sapphire" or "lapis lazuli" (ultimately derived from the Hebrew word סַפִּיר (sappir)).

sara 1 שָׂרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to have power, to contend, to fight".

sara 2 שָׂרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "lady, princess, noblewoman".

śarad शरद् Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "autumn".

sarala सरल Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "straight".

saras सरस् Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "fluid, water, lake".

sārikā सारिका Sanskrit
Sanskrit word referring to a type of thrush (species Turdus salica) or myna bird (species Gracula religiosa).

sarita सरित Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "flowing".

śarman शर्मन् Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "protection, comfort, joy".

šarru Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "king".

sartor Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "tailor, patcher".

sarva सर्व Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "all, whole".

sarveśa सरवेश Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "ruler of all".

śaśa शश Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "hare", also a traditional name for the moon.

sat सत् Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "existing, true, virtuous" or "existence, essence".

satya सत्य Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "truth, reality".

savitṛ सवितृ Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "rouser, the sun".

scalc Old High German
Old High German word meaning "servant".

sceaga Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "thicket, copse".

sceaphyrde Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "shepherd, sheep herder".

scearp Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "sharp".

scenken Old High German
Old High German word meaning "to pour out".

schola Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "school".

schroden Old Saxon
Old Saxon word meaning "to cut".

sciene Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "beautiful".

scieran Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "to cut, to shear".

scilt Old High German
Old High German word meaning "shield".

scir 1 Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "shire, district".

scir 2 Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "bright".

sconi Old High German
Old High German word meaning "beautiful, good, nice".

Scotus Ancient Roman
Latin word for a Scotsman, referring to the Gaelic speakers of northern Britain.

scrian Old High German
Old High German word meaning "to shout, to yell".

scriba Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "scribe, writer".

scrinium Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "box, chest".

sculdheizo Old High German
Old High German word meaning "arbiter, debt settler".

scuoh Old High German
Old High German word meaning "shoe".

seaxa Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "a Saxon", referring to a member of the Germanic tribe.

sebě себѣ Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "to oneself" (dative case of *sę).

sebo σέβω Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "to worship, to honour".

sedom Old Celtic (Hypothetical)
Celtic word meaning "peace" or "fairy mound, tumulus".

sedŭlo Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "saddle".

segiz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "victory".

śekhara शेखर Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "crest, crown, peak, top".

selene σελήνη Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "moon".

selja Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "willow, sallow".

sěmĭja сѣмьꙗ Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "family".

sen 1 Old Irish
Old Irish word meaning "old".

sěnĭ сѣни Old Slavic (Hypothetical)
Slavic word meaning "shadow".

senos Old Celtic (Hypothetical)
Celtic word meaning "old".

senþaz Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "path, journey, time, instance".

seo 5 Old High German, Old Dutch
Old High German and Old Dutch word meaning "sea".

seolfor Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "silver".

ser սէր Ancient Armenian
Old Armenian word meaning "love".

serra Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "saw (tool)".

servire Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "to serve".

setio Old Saxon
Old Saxon suffix meaning "inhabitant".

setjaną Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "to sit".

shaʾal שָׁאַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to ask".

shafaṭ שָׁפַט Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to judge".

shaḡa שָׁגָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to stray, to err".

shai שַׁי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "gift, present".

shalam שָׁלַם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be complete, to be at peace".

shalem שָׁלֵם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "complete, safe, peaceful".

shalom שָׁלוֹם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "peace".

shamaʿ שָׁמַע Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to hear, to listen".

shamar שָׁמַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to guard, to watch".

shavaʿ שָׁבַע Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "oath".

shelaḥ שֶׁלַח Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "dart, weapon, plant shoot".

shem שֵׁם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "name".

shemaʿ שֵׁמַע Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "report, news, fame".

shemesh שֶׁמֶשׁ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "the sun".

shen շէն Ancient Armenian
Old Armenian word meaning "happy".

shir שִׁיר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "song".

Sibylla Σίβυλλα Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "prophetess, sibyl". It does not seem to have been used as a personal name during the classical Greek period.

siccus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "dry".

síd Old Irish
Old Irish word meaning "peace" or "fairy mound, tumulus", both from a root meaning "to sit".

sídach Old Irish
Old Irish word meaning "wolf".

siddha सिद्ध Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "accomplished, proven".

siddhi सिद्धि Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "accomplishment, success, attainment".

sige Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "victory".

sigi Old Saxon, Frankish (Hypothetical)
Old Saxon and Frankish word meaning "victory".

sigis 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 Gothic
Gothic word meaning "victory".

sigr Old Norse
Old Norse word meaning "victory".

sigu Old High German
Old High German word meaning "victory".

śikhā शिखा Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "crest, plume".

śīla शील Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "conduct, disposition, character".

silabar Old High German
Old High German word meaning "silver".

silubrą Old Germanic (Hypothetical)
Germanic word meaning "silver".

silva Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "forest".

silvaticus Ancient Roman
Latin word meaning "wild, from the forest".

sīma सीम Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "boundary, limit".

siṃha सिंह Sanskrit
Sanskrit word meaning "lion".

simos σιμός Ancient Greek
Greek word meaning "flat-nosed".

sind Old High German
Old High German word meaning "path, journey".

singan Anglo-Saxon
Old English word meaning "to sing, to chant".

sinþs 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 Gothic
Gothic word meaning "time, instance".