Ancient Semitic Elements

abu 𒀜 Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "father".

ʿaḏa עָדָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to adorn" or "to pass by".

ʿaḏan עָדַן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to delight, to luxuriate".

ʿaḏin עָדִין Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "delicate".

ʾaḏon אָדוֹן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "lord, master".

ʾaḥ אָח Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "brother".

ʾaḥaḏ אָחַד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word probably meaning "to unite".

ʾahav אָהַב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to love".

aḫu 𒋀 Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "brother".

ʿala עָלָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to ascend, to climb".

ʿam עַם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "people, nation, folk, kinsman".

ʾamar אָמַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to say, to speak".

ʾamets אָמֵץ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to strengthen".

ʿana 1 עָנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to answer".

ʿana 2 עָנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be afflicted, to be depressed, to be humbled".

ʿanan עָנָן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "cloud".

aplu Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "son, heir".

ʾari אֲרִי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "lion".

ʿasa עָשָׂה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to do, to make".

ašarēdu Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "preeminent".

ʾashar אָשַׁר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be happy, to be blessed".

ʾashya אָשְׁיָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "support, column, buttress".

ʿaṯal עֲתַל Ancient Hebrew (Hypothetical)
Unattested Hebrew word possibly meaning "exalted".

ʾav אָב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "father".

ʿavaḏ עָבַד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to serve, to work, to worship".

ʿayin עַיִן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "eye".

ʾayyal אַיָּל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "deer, gazelle".

ʿazar עָזַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to help".

ʿazaz עָזַז Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be strong".

ʾb Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "father".

bana בָּנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to build".

bānû 𒆕 Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "creator, builder".

baṯ בַּת Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "daughter".

baṯa בָּתָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "destruction, end".

bayiṯ בַּיִת Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "house, home".

ʿbd 𐤏𐤁𐤃 Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical), Phoenician
Semitic root meaning "servant, slave".

bd 𐤁𐤃 Phoenician
Phoenician prefix meaning "on behalf of".

be 4 בְּ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew prefix meaning "in, with".

beliyaʿal בְּלִיַעַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew term meaning "worthless". This term is used in later Christian tradition as a name for an evil angel associated with lawlessness and lust.

ben 1 בֵּן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "son".

bʿl Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic word meaning "lord, master, possessor".

dala דָּלָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to draw up, to hang".

daliyya דָּלִיָּה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "hanging branch".

din דִּין Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to judge".

ʾdn 𐤀𐤃𐤍 Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical), Phoenician
Semitic root meaning "lord, master".

doḏ דּוֹד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "beloved" or "uncle".

dor דּוֹר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "generation".

ʿḏr Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to help".

ʿeḏer עֵדֶר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "flock, herd".

ʾel אֵל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "God".

ʾela אֵלָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "terebinth, tree".

ʾelon אֵלוֹן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "strong tree, oak".

ʾemeṯ אֱמֶת Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "truth".

ʾesh אֵשׁ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "fire".

ʿeveḏ עֶבֶד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "servant, slave".

ʾeven אֶבֶן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "stone".

ʿezer עֵזֶר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "help".

ʿezra עֶזְרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "help".

gaḏal גָּדַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to grow, to become great".

gamal גָּמַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to reward".

gamar גָּמַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to end, to complete".

garash גָּרַשׁ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to expel, to drive out".

gever גֶּבֶר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "strong man, warrior".

gil גִּיל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "joy, happiness".

ʾḥ 𐤀𐤇 Phoenician
Phoenician word meaning "brother".

ʾḫ Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "brother".

haḏas הֲדַס Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "myrtle".

ḥafets חָפֶץ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to delight in".

ḥaḡaḡ חָגַג Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to hold a festival, to hold a feast, to celebrate".

ḥala חָלָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be sick, to be weak".

halal הָלַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to praise, to shine".

ḥam חָם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "father-in-law".

hamon הָמוֹן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "multitude, crowd".

ḥanan חָנַן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be gracious, to have mercy, to show favour".

har 2 הַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "mountain".

ḥatsa חָצָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to divide".

ḥawa חָוָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to breathe".

ḥaya חָיָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to live".

ḥaza חָזָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to see".

ḥazaq חָזַק Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to strengthen, to be strong".

ḥnn 𐤇𐤍𐤍 Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical), Phoenician
Semitic root meaning "to be gracious".

hoḏ הוֹד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "majesty, splendour".

hosha' na' הושע נא Ancient Aramaic
Aramaic expression meaning "deliver us" in Hebrew.

hu 1 הוּא Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "he" (third-person pronoun).

ḥyw Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to be alive".

ʾi 1 אִי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "not".

ʾi 2 אִי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "coast, island".

i 7 י Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew suffix meaning "my".

ʾilan אִילָן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "tree".

ʿim עִם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "with".

kanan כָּנַן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to plant, to establish".

kavaḏ כָּבַד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be heavy, to be glorious".

kazav כָּזַב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to lie, to deceive".

ke ךְּ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew prefix meaning "like, as".

ki 9 כִּי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "that, because, since".

kīnu Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "legitimate, true".

kudurru Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "eldest son".

kun כּוּן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to establish, to prepare".

ʾl Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "god".

lavan לָבָן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "white".

leḥem לֶחֶם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "bread".

lemo לְמוֹ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "at, to, for".

lev לֵב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "heart".

levana לְבָנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "moon".

lo לֹא Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "not".

maʿase מַעֲשֶׂה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "deed, work".

malʾaḵ מַלְאָךְ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "messenger, angel".

malaḵ מָלַךְ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to reign".

marar מָרַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be bitter".

mashiyaḥ מָשִׁיחַ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "anointed, Messiah".

maṯ מַת Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "man".

mattan מַתָּן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "gift".

mattaṯ מַתָּת Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "gift".

meleḵ מֶלֶךְ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "king".

mi 6 מִי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "who" (interrogative pronoun).

mlk 𐤌𐤋𐤊 Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical), Phoenician
Semitic root meaning "to rule, king".

naʿam נָעַם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be pleasant".

naḥam נָחַם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to comfort, to console".

narāmu Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "beloved".

naṣāru Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "to protect, to defend".

naṯan נָתַן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to give".

ner נֵר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "lamp, candle, light".

nērāru Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "helper".

nʿm Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to be pleasant".

noḡah נֹגַהּ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "brightness".

nuaḥ נוּחַ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to rest, to repose".

ʿofer עֹפֶר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "fawn".

ʾor אוֹר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to shine" or "light".

ʿoz עֹז Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "strength, power".

palaṭ פָּלַט Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to deliver, to rescue, to escape".

pana פָּנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to turn to, to turn away".

panin פָּנִין Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "pearl, coral, precious stone".

paṯal פָּתַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to twist, to struggle, to wrestle".

pesaḥ פֶּסַח Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "Passover".

pû Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "mouth, word".

qana קָנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to acquire, to purchase".

qrt 𐤒𐤓𐤕 Phoenician
Phoenician word meaning "city".

qum קוּם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to raise".

raʾa רָאָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to see, to perceive".

raʿa רָעָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to feed, to graze, shepherd".

rafa רָפָא Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to heal".

raḥam רָחַם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to pity, to be compassionate, to love".

raḥav רָחַב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to enlarge".

raz רָז Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "secret".

reaʿ רֵעַ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "friend".

reʿuṯ רְעוּת Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "female friend".

riābu Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "to replace, to compensate".

rinna רִנָּה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "joy, singing, shouting".

riv רִיב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to strive, to contend".

rm 𐤓𐤌 Phoenician
Phoenician word meaning "to be high".

ron 2 רֹן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "joy, song, shout".

rum 1 רוּם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to exalt, to be high, to rise up".

rwm Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to be high".

rʾy Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to see".

sara 1 שָׂרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to have power, to contend, to fight".

sara 2 שָׂרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "lady, princess, noblewoman".

šarru Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "king".

shaʾal שָׁאַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to ask".

shafaṭ שָׁפַט Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to judge".

shaḡa שָׁגָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to stray, to err".

shai שַׁי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "gift, present".

shalam שָׁלַם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be complete, to be at peace".

shalem שָׁלֵם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "complete, safe, peaceful".

shalom שָׁלוֹם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "peace".

shamaʿ שָׁמַע Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to hear, to listen".

shamar שָׁמַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to guard, to watch".

shavaʿ שָׁבַע Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "oath".

shelaḥ שֶׁלַח Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "dart, weapon, plant shoot".

shem שֵׁם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "name".

shemaʿ שֵׁמַע Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "report, news, fame".

shemesh שֶׁמֶשׁ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "the sun".

shir שִׁיר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "song".

šlm Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to be safe, to be whole, peace".

šmš Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "the sun".

ṣpn 𐤑𐤐𐤍 Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical), Phoenician
Semitic root meaning "to hide, to conceal".

śrr Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to rule".

ṭal טַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "dew".

tam תָּם Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "perfect, complete, upright".

tamar תָּמָר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "date palm".

teʾena תְּאֵנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "fig".

teman תֵּימָן Ancient Hebrew
Denominative form of yamin.

ṭov טוֹב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "good".

tsafan צָפַן Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to hide, to treasure".

tsaḥaq צָחַק Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to laugh, to play".

tseḏeq צֶדֶק Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "justice, righteousness".

tsevi צְבִי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "gazelle, roebuck".

tsur צוּר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "rock, cliff".

ʿṯtr Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root of uncertain meaning, perhaps meaning "evening star".

tukultu 𒆪 Akkadian
Akkadian word meaning "trust, faith, hope".

ʾur אוּר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "light, flame".

ʿuz עוּז Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to take refuge".

y Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic suffix meaning "my".

yaʿara יַעֲרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "honeycomb".

yaḏa יָדָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to praise, to thank".

yaḏiḏ יָדִיד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "beloved, friend".

yah יָהּ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew element referring to Yahweh.

yaḥal יָחַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to wait, to hope".

yaḵol יָכֹל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be able, to prevail".

yamin יָמִין Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "right hand, south".

yara יָרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to teach, to throw, to rain".

yaraḏ יָרַד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to descend".

yasaf יָסַף Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to add, to increase".

yashaʿ יָשַׁע Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to save, to deliver".

yaṯar יָתַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to remain, to exceed, to abound, to excel".

yaṭav יָטַב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to be good, to be happy".

yeho יְהוֹ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew element referring to Yahweh.

yehuḏi יְהוּדִי Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "Jew".

yesh יֵשׁ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "existence".

ymn Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "right hand, south".

yo 1 יוֹ Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew element referring to Yahweh.

yona יוֹנָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "dove".

ytn 𐤉𐤕𐤍 Phoenician
Phoenician word meaning "to give".

yuval יוּבָל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "stream".

zaḵar זָכַר Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to remember".

zavaḏ זָבַד Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to give, to bestow".

zaval זָבַל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "to exalt".

zbl Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to exalt, to dwell".

zevul זְבוּל Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "exalted house".

zevuv זְבוּב Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "fly (insect)".

zimra זִמְרָה Ancient Hebrew
Hebrew word meaning "music, song".

ʿzr 𐤏𐤆𐤓 Phoenician
Phoenician word meaning "to help".

ʿzz Ancient Semitic (Hypothetical)
Semitic root meaning "to be strong".