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In some really rare cases Marina can be called by Maria's nickname - Masha.
Marina is my mother's name and she is a Russian jew from Petersburg. She gets called Marisha, Marishka, Marishen'ka, Marinochka or Marinka. (She gets called Marina in situations she doesn't know interlocutor very well and she doesn't want to be called too oficially - Marina Aleksandrovna)
At the moment Marina is not the trendiest name in Russia, but many of about 50 (or 30) years old women are named Marina.

Kate is certainly correct. As for how Marina came to be "Russian" -- the majority of names used in Russia historically were the names of saints of the Russian Orthodox Church, and most of those go back to Greek and Latin originally.

Marina is the feminine form of Marinus, a Roman name. Marina is not just a Russian name. It is also Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Greek, Romanian, Bulgarian, Serbian, and Ancient Roman.

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I have seen Marishka, Marinka, Marisha, and Marinochka used as nicknames in Russian.