This was the name of a 13th-century Italian saint who made clothes for the poor. As an English name, it has never been common.
The name was very popular until the 15th century in England, usually in the vernacular form Maud. Both forms were revived by the 19th century. This name appears in the popular Australian folk song Waltzing Matilda, written in 1895.
This name has traditionally been more popular among Eastern Christians. In the English-speaking world it was not regularly used until the 19th century.