As an English name, it has been used occasionally since the 12th century. It is the name of a central character in Shakespeare's play The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594).
This name was brought to public attention after actors Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt gave it to their daughter in 2006.
Famous bearers include the German intellectual Max Weber (1864-1920) and the German physicist Max Planck (1858-1947). This name is also borne by the title character in the Mad Max series of movies, starting 1979.
Rarely used as an official given name.
As an English name it can also derive from the month of August, which was named for the Roman emperor Augustus.