Cosmicdaze's Personal Name List

Means "little girl" in Tuscan Italian. This was the name of a 13th-century saint, the patron saint of servants.

From Japanese 柚 (yuzu) meaning "grapefruit, pomelo, citrus fruit" and 希 (ki) meaning "hope". Other combinations of kanji can form this name as well.

Alternate transcription of Japanese Kanji 優太 or 悠太 or 勇太 or 雄大 (see Yūta).

From Japanese 優 (yu) meaning "excellence, superiority, gentleness" and 子 (ko) meaning "child", as well as other combinations of kanji.

From Sino-Korean 英 (yeong) meaning "flower, petal, brave, hero", as well as other hanja characters that are pronounced similarly. It usually occurs in combination with another character, though it is sometimes used as a stand-alone name. This name was borne by Jang Yeong-sil (where Jang is the surname), a 15th-century Korean scientist and inventor.

Means "mountain child" in Japanese.

Means "firstborn daughter" in Dakota or Lakota. According to folklore, this was the name of a daughter of a Dakota chief (possibly Wapasha III) who leapt from a cliff to her death rather than marry a man she hated. Numerous places in the United States have been named after her. The actress Winona Ryder (1971-) was named after the city in Minnesota where she was born.

Feminine form of William.

Meaning uncertain, perhaps from a German surname, or perhaps from the English word wild. It has been in use since the 19th century.

From an Old German name derived from the element warin, related to war meaning "aware, cautious", combined with heri meaning "army". This was the name of a 13th-century boy from Oberwesel, Germany who was formerly regarded as a saint. He is no longer recognized as such by the Church. Another famous bearer was the German physicist Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976).

Means "king over warriors" from Gaulish wer "on, over" combined with kingeto "marching men, warriors" and rix "king". This name was borne by a 1st-century BC chieftain of the Gaulish tribe the Arverni. He led the resistance against Julius Caesar's attempts to conquer Gaul, but he was eventually defeated, brought to Rome, and executed.

Means "flax" in Sanskrit. This is another name of the Hindu goddess Parvati. In Hindu texts it is said to derive from the Sanskrit exclamation उ मा (u mā) meaning "O do not (practice austerities)!", which was addressed to Parvati by her mother.

From Japanese 月 (tsuki) meaning "moon" and 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other combinations of kanji are possible.

Either from classical adjectives 利し (toshi) meaning "sharp" and 敏し (toshi) meaning "keen, clever" (where 俊 shares a similar meaning) or noun 年/歳/才 (toshi) meaning "year; age." Other kanji in relation to these derivations include, from the adjectives, 慧 meaning "wisdom," 淑 meaning "graceful, ladylike, modest, well-mannered" or, from the noun, 寿 meaning "congratulations; longevity," among others. 2-kanji combinations are possible, combining a to kanji, e.g. 登 meaning "ascent," with a shi kanji, like 志 meaning "will, aim, goal" or 士 meaning "warrior; samurai."

In use as a (rare) feminine name before the Meiji Period (1868-1912), Toshi saw increase of its usage for both genders (though still mainly feminine) in that period. Nowadays, it is mainly used as a (largely male) nickname for names like Toshihiro or Toshiyuki.

Perhaps based on Latin Titanius meaning "of the Titans". This name was (first?) used by William Shakespeare in his comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595) where it belongs to the queen of the fairies, the wife of Oberon. This is also a moon of Uranus, named after the Shakespearean character.

German and Dutch form of Theresa.

Earliest recorded form of Theresa.

From Japanese 多 (ta) meaning "many", 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful" and 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations are also possible.

Means "gem, jewel" in Japanese.

From Japanese 孝 (takashi) meaning "filial piety", 隆 (takashi) meaning "noble, prosperous" or 崇 (takashi) meaning "esteem, honour, venerate", as well as other kanji or kanji combinations that result in the same pronunciation.

From Japanese 鈴 (suzu) meaning "bell" or other kanji having the same pronunciation.

From Σουσάννα (Sousanna), the Greek form of the Hebrew name שׁוֹשַׁנָּה (Shoshanna). This was derived from the Hebrew word שׁוֹשָׁן (shoshan) meaning "lily" (in modern Hebrew this also means "rose"), perhaps ultimately from Egyptian sšn "lotus". In the Old Testament Apocrypha this is the name of a woman falsely accused of adultery. The prophet Daniel clears her name by tricking her accusers, who end up being condemned themselves. It also occurs in the New Testament belonging to a woman who ministers to Jesus.

As an English name, it was occasionally used during the Middle Ages in honour of the Old Testament heroine. It did not become common until after the Protestant Reformation, at which time it was often spelled Susan.

From Japanese 菫 (sumire) meaning "violet (flower)". Other kanji combinations can form this name as well. It is often written using the hiragana writing system.

Contraction of Susan and Ellen 1. Margaret Mitchell used this name in her novel Gone with the Wind (1936), where it belongs to Scarlett's sister.

Pet form of Sofie, but it is also a diminutive form of the name because it has the diminutive suffix -ke at the end.

Form of Sophia used in various languages.

From the Old Norse name Sigsteinn, which was derived from the elements sigr "victory" and steinn "stone".

Derived from the Old German elements sigu "victory" and lind "soft, flexible, tender". Sieglinde was the mother of Siegfried in the medieval German saga the Nibelungenlied.

From Japanese 駿 (shun) meaning "fast", 俊 (shun) meaning "talented", or other kanji that are pronounced the same way.

From Japanese 静 (shizu) meaning "quiet" combined with 夏 (ka) meaning "summer" or 香 (ka) meaning "fragrance". Other kanji combinations are possible.

From Japanese 真珠 (shinju) meaning "pearl".

This is a Japanese name which refers to a scabbard or sheath for a sword. Beyond being a simple noun, Saya connotes peace because of the image of a sword that remains in its scabbard.
-------------------------------------
From 沙 (sa) "sand" and 耶 (ya), a kanji used exclusively in names meaning "question mark."

From Japanese kanji 皐 (satsuki) meaning "shore" or 皐月/五月 (satsuki), the fifth month of the lunar calendar. It can be also the combination of 小 (sa) meaning "little; small" and 月 (tsuki) meaning "moon".

Other kanji combinations are possible.

Means "freedom" in Irish Gaelic. It was first used as a given name in the 20th century.

Means "dawn" in Arabic.

From 定 (sada) meaning "certain, true, definite, sure," also used as 貞, referring to chastity and virtue.

Though it has had some level of usage as a feminine name in the Edo period (1603-1868) and, more commonly, in the Meiji and Taishō periods (1868-1912, 1912-1926) with some masculine usage in the latter two, since after WWII, it is very rarely used.

From an English occupational surname derived from Old English ridere meaning "mounted warrior" or "messenger". It has grown in popularity in the 2000s because it starts with the same sound found in other popular names like Ryan and Riley.

Variant of Roxane.

French and English form of Roxana. This is the name of Cyrano's love interest in the play Cyrano de Bergerac (1897).

Latin form of Ῥωξάνη (Rhoxane), the Greek form of an Old Persian or Bactrian name, from Old Iranian *rauxšnā meaning "bright, shining" [1]. This was the name of Alexander the Great's first wife, a daughter of the Bactrian nobleman Oxyartes. In the modern era it came into use during the 17th century. In the English-speaking world it was popularized by Daniel Defoe, who used it in his novel Roxana (1724).

Dutch vernacular form of Rosa 1, meaning "rose" in Dutch.

From Japanese 莉 (ri) meaning "white jasmine" or 理 (ri) meaning "reason, logic" combined with 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations are possible.

Short form of Fredrika, Henrika and other names ending in rika.

Diminutive of Richard.

From Japanese 蘭 (ran) meaning "orchid" or other kanji pronounced in the same way.

Meaning unknown, probably of Pre-Greek origin, but perhaps related to Greek πέρθω (pertho) meaning "to destroy" and φόνος (phonos) meaning "murder". In Greek myth she was the daughter of Demeter and Zeus. She was abducted to the underworld by Hades, but was eventually allowed to return to the surface for part of the year. The result of her comings and goings is the changing of the seasons. With her mother she was worshipped in the Eleusinian Mysteries, which were secret rites practiced at the city of Eleusis near Athens.

Means "of the mountains", derived from Sanskrit पर्वत (parvata) meaning "mountain". Parvati is a Hindu goddess of love and power, the benign form of the wife of Shiva. A daughter of the mountain god Himavat, she was a reincarnation of Shiva's first wife Sati. She is the mother of Ganesha and Skanda.

Form of Orpah used in the Greek and Latin Old Testament.

Simply from the English word ocean for a large body of water. It is ultimately derived from Greek Ὠκεανός (Okeanos), the name of the body of water thought to surround the Earth.

From Japanese 信 (nobu) meaning "trust" or 伸 (nobu) meaning "extend, stretch, open" combined with 行 (yuki) meaning "row, line" or 幸 (yuki) meaning "happiness". Other kanji combinations are possible as well.

From Japanese 伸 (noburu) meaning "extend, stretch" or other kanji having the same pronunciation.

From Japanese 信 (nobu) meaning "trust", 延 (nobu) meaning "prolong, stretch", or other kanji and kanji combinations. It is sometimes a short form of longer names beginning with this sound.

Diminutive of names ending in nette, such as Annette or Jeanette.

Medieval Welsh diminutive of Agnes.

From Japanese 森 (mori) meaning "forest" and 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations are also possible.

From an English surname meaning "Gumarich's mountain" in Norman French. A notable bearer of this surname was Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976), a British army commander during World War II.

Anglicized form of Máire. It also coincides with Greek Μοῖρα (Moira) meaning "fate, destiny", the singular of Μοῖραι, the Greek name for the Fates. They were the three female personifications of destiny in Greek mythology.

From Japanese 萌 (moe) meaning "bud, sprout". Other kanji with the same reading can also form this name.

Means "wait" in Shona.

Derived from Latin mirabilis meaning "wonderful". This name was coined during the Middle Ages, though it eventually died out. It was briefly revived in the 19th century.

From Japanese 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful" combined with 桜 (o) meaning "cherry blossom" or 緒 (o) meaning "thread". Other kanji or kanji combinations can also form this name.

From Japanese 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful" combined with 空 (ku) meaning "sky" or 久 (ku) meaning "long time". It can also come from a nanori reading of 未来 (mirai) meaning "future". Other kanji combinations are possible as well.

From Japanese 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful" and 紀 (ki) meaning "chronicle". Other kanji combinations are possible.

"Mi"=beauty or "Mi"=ocean and "haru"= clear or "haru"= Sun(light) or "haru"=spring. Mostly feminine.
-------------------------------------
Means "beautiful clear sky".

Dutch diminutive of Maria.

From the English word mercy, ultimately from Latin merces "wages, reward", a derivative of merx "goods, wares". This was one of the virtue names adopted by the Puritans in the 17th century.

"Dear gift" in Sindarin. Melian was the queen of Doriath in J.R.R. Tolkien's Silmarillion.

From Japanese 益 (masu) meaning "profit, benefit" and 世 (yo) meaning "world". Other kanji combinations are possible.

From Japanese 成 (masa) meaning "become" or 正 (masa) meaning "right, proper" combined with 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful". This name can also be formed from other combinations of kanji.

From an English surname that was taken from a place name meaning either "pleasant wood", "boundary wood" or "marten wood" in Old English. A famous bearer of the surname was the Jamaican musician Bob Marley (1945-1981).

Variant of Marjolein.

From the name of the flower, which comes from a combination of Mary and the English word gold.

From Japanese 守 (mamoru) meaning "defend, protect". It can also come from 真 (ma) meaning "real, genuine" combined with an alternate reading of 守 (moru). Other kanji or kanji combinations are possible.

From Japanese 真 (ma) meaning "real, genuine" or 麻 (ma) meaning "flax" combined with 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful". Other combinations of kanji can form this name as well.

From Japanese 誠 (makoto) meaning "sincerity", as well as other kanji or kanji combinations.

From Japanese 真 or 眞 (ma) meaning "real, genuine" combined with 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations can form this name as well.

A nickname for "Miyako".

Scottish diminutive of Mairead. It was long used in the United Kingdom and Australia, becoming popular at the end of the 20th century. In the United States it was brought to public attention by the British actress Maisie Williams (1997-), who played Arya Stark on the television series Game of Thrones beginning 2011. Her birth name is Margaret.

Latinate form of Magdalene.

Diminutive of Charlotte or Liselotte.

Short form of Charlotta.

From German Loreley, the name of a rock headland on the Rhine River. It is of uncertain meaning, though the second element is probably old German ley meaning "rock" (of Celtic origin). German romantic poets and songwriters, beginning with Clemens Brentano in 1801, tell that a maiden named the Lorelei lives on the rock and lures boaters to their death with her song.

In the English-speaking world this name has been occasionally given since the early 20th century. It started rising in America after the variant Lorelai was used for the main character (and her daughter, nicknamed Rory) on the television series Gilmore Girls (2000-2007).

Latvian form of Lilith.

From the Late Latin name Laetitia meaning "joy, happiness". This was the name of an obscure saint, who is revered mainly in Spain. It was in use in England during the Middle Ages, usually in the spelling Lettice, and it was revived in the 18th century.

From Chinese 兰 (lán) meaning "orchid, elegant" (which is usually only feminine) or 岚 (lán) meaning "mountain mist". Other Chinese characters can form this name as well. As a Vietnamese name, it is derived from Sino-Vietnamese 蘭 meaning "orchid".

From Japanese 久 (ku) meaning "long time", 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful" and 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations are possible.

From Japanese 琴 (koto), which refers to a type of musical instrument similar to a harp, combined with 音 (ne) meaning "sound". Other kanji combinations are also possible.

Variant of Clarissa.

From Japanese 貴 (ki) meaning "valuable" with 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful" or 君 (kimi) meaning "lord, noble" combined with 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations are possible.

Variant of Kerstin.

From Japanese 一 (kazu) meaning "one" or 和 (kazu) meaning "harmony, peace" combined with 男 (o) meaning "male, man" or 夫 (o) meaning "husband, man". Other kanji combinations can also form this name.

From Japanese 一 (kazu) meaning "one" or 和 (kazu) meaning "harmony, peace" combined with 子 (ko) meaning "child". This name can also be formed from other kanji combinations.

From Japanese 一 (kazu) meaning "one" or 和 (kazu) meaning "harmony, peace" combined with 輝 (ki) meaning "brightness", 希 (ki) meaning "hope" or 樹 (ki) meaning "tree", as well as other combinations of kanji characters.

From Japanese 和 (kazu) meaning "harmony, peace" or 一 (kazu) meaning "one" combined with 枝 (e) meaning "branch" or 恵 (e) meaning "favour, benefit". Other combinations of kanji characters can potentially form this name.

From Japanese 薫 (kaoru), 香 (kaoru), 馨 (kaoru) all meaning "fragrance, fragrant", as well as other kanji having the same reading.

From Japanese 花 (ka) meaning "flower, blossom" and 音 (non) meaning "sound". Other kanji combinations are possible as well.

Low German form of George.

Dutch form of George.

Elaboration of Joliet.

Short form of Gillian.

Possibly means "rainbow lady", from Classic Maya ix "lady" and chel "rainbow". Ixchel was a Maya goddess associated with the earth, jaguars, medicine and childbirth. She was often depicted with a snake in her hair and crossbones embroidered on her skirt.

German short form of names beginning with the Old German element irmin meaning "whole, great" (Proto-Germanic *ermunaz). It is thus related to Emma. It began to be regularly used in the English-speaking world in the 19th century.

Means "rainbow" in Greek. Iris was the name of the Greek goddess of the rainbow, also serving as a messenger to the gods. This name can also be given in reference to the word (which derives from the same Greek source) for the iris flower or the coloured part of the eye.

German and Dutch diminutive of Elisabeth, used independently.

Means "earth" or "speech" in Sanskrit.

From an English surname that was derived from Middle English hoit "stick", originally a nickname for a thin person.

Diminutive of Holda, primarily used in the 19th century.

From Japanese 寛 (hiro) meaning "tolerant, generous", 裕 (hiro) meaning "abundant" or 浩 (hiro) meaning "prosperous" combined with 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations are possible.

From Japanese 日向 (hinata) meaning "sunny place", 陽向 (hinata) meaning "toward the sun", or a non-standard reading of 向日葵 (himawari) meaning "sunflower". Other kanji compounds are also possible. Because of the irregular readings, this name is often written using the hiragana writing system.

Possibly from the Old English masculine name Hildræd, which was composed of the elements hild "battle" and ræd "counsel, advice". This name was revived in the late 19th century, probably because of its similarity to the popular names Hilda and Mildred.

Diminutive of Henrik.

From the Old German name Hadewig, derived from the Old German elements hadu "battle, combat" and wig "war". This was the name of a 13th-century German saint, the wife of the Polish duke Henry the Bearded. It was subsequently borne by a 14th-century Polish queen (usually known by her Polish name Jadwiga) who is now also regarded as a saint.

From the English word heather for the variety of small shrubs with pink or white flowers, which commonly grow in rocky areas. It is derived from Middle English hather. It was first used as a given name in the late 19th century, though it did not become popular until the last half of the 20th century.

From Japanese 晴 (haru) meaning "clear weather" and 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful", as well as other kanji combinations that are read the same way.

From an English surname that meant "son of Harry". This was the surname of two American presidents, William Henry Harrison (1773-1841) and his grandson Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901). As a given name it reached a low point in America in 1977 before it was revived by the career of actor Harrison Ford (1942-), who starred in such movies as Star Wars in 1977 and Indiana Jones in 1984.

Alternate transcription of Japanese Kanji 八郎 (see Hachirō).

Variant of Gwyneth.

Feminine variant of Gwyn. The surname of English actress and royal mistress Nell Gwyn (1650-1687) is variously spelled Gwynne, Gwynn and Gwyn.

Variant of Gunther. It was especially popular in Germany in the 1920s and 30s.

From the Old Norse name Guðrún meaning "god's secret lore", derived from the elements guð "god" and rún "secret lore, rune". In Norse legend Gudrun was the wife of Sigurd. After his death she married Atli, but when he murdered her brothers, she killed her sons by him, fed him their hearts, and then slew him. Her story appears in Norse literature such as the Eddas and the Völsungasaga. She is called Kriemhild in German versions of the tale. This is also an unrelated character in the medieval German epic Kudrun.

Derived from German Gott "God" and hold "gracious, graceful, loyal". This name was created in the 17th century.

Feminine form of Ghislain.

German form of Gertrude.

Diminutive of Gertrude.

Diminutive of Geertruida.

Means "little lady", derived from German frau combined with a diminutive suffix.

German feminine form of Franciscus (see Francis).

Dutch diminutive of Floor.

From an English surname meaning "son of the king" in Old French, originally given to illegitimate sons of monarchs.

Short form of Lafayette, or else from a surname ultimately derived from Old French faie "beech", which originally denoted a person who lived in or by a beech wood, or who was from any of various places in France named with the word.

Means "good news" from Greek εὖ (eu) meaning "good" and ἄγγελμα (angelma) meaning "news, message". It was (first?) used by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in his 1847 epic poem Evangeline [1][2]. It also appears in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) as the full name of the character Eva.

Derived from Greek εὔλαλος (eulalos) meaning "sweetly-speaking", itself from εὖ (eu) meaning "good" and λαλέω (laleo) meaning "to talk". This was the name of an early 4th-century saint and martyr from Mérida in Spain. Another martyr by this name, living at the same time, is a patron saint of Barcelona. These two saints might be the same person.

From Japanese 恵 (e) meaning "favour, benefit" or 絵 (e) meaning "picture, painting" combined with 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful". Other kanji combinations are possible.

Short form of Elisabeth, used independently.

Variant of Elizabeth.

Probably means "calf, heifer, girl" from Greek δάμαλις (damalis). In the New Testament this is the name of a woman converted to Christianity by Saint Paul.

From the English word comfort, ultimately from Latin confortare "to strengthen greatly", a derivative of fortis "strong". It was used as a given name after the Protestant Reformation. It is now most common in parts of English-influenced Africa.

From an English surname derived from Old English clif meaning "cliff", originally belonging to a person who lived near a cliff.

Latinate form of Clarice. This is the name of the title character in a 1748 novel by Samuel Richardson. In the novel Clarissa Harlowe is a virtuous woman who is tragically exploited by her family and her lover. Another literary character by this name is Clarissa Dalloway from the novel Mrs. Dalloway (1925) by Virginia Woolf.

From Japanese 千 (chi) meaning "thousand", 香 (ka) meaning "fragrance" and 子 (ko) meaning "child". Other kanji combinations can be possible.

From Japanese 千 (chi) meaning "thousand", 智 (chi) meaning "wisdom, intellect" or 散 (chi) meaning "scatter" combined with 佳 (ka) meaning "good, beautiful" or 花 (ka) meaning "flower". Other kanji combinations are also possible.

Derived from the Lakota word šahiyena meaning "red speakers". This is the name of a Native American people of the Great Plains. The name was supposedly given to the Cheyenne by the Lakota because their language was unrelated to their own. As a given name, it has been in use since the 1950s.

Means "moon" in Sanskrit, derived from चन्द (cand) meaning "to shine". This is a transcription of both the masculine form चण्ड (the god of the moon personified) as well as the feminine form चण्डा (spelled with a long final vowel).

Variant of Bronwen used in the English-speaking world (especially Australia and New Zealand).

From a Scottish surname that was derived from Gaelic blàr meaning "plain, field, battlefield". In Scotland this name is typically masculine.

In the United States it became more common for girls in the early 1980s, shortly after the debut of the television sitcom The Facts of Life (1979-1988), which featured a character named Blair Warner. The name left the American top 1000 rankings two decades later, but was resurrected by another television character, this time Blair Waldorf from the series Gossip Girl (2007-2012).

Means "bright power" from the Old German element beraht "bright" combined with walt "power, authority".

Possibly means "bee wolf" (in effect equal to "bear") from Old English beo "bee" and wulf "wolf". Alternatively, the first element may be beadu "battle". This is the name of the main character in the anonymous 8th-century epic poem Beowulf. Set in Denmark, the poem tells how he slays the monster Grendel and its mother at the request of King Hroðgar. After this Beowulf becomes the king of the Geats. The conclusion of the poem tells how Beowulf, in his old age, slays a dragon but is himself mortally wounded in the act.

From Japanese 明日 (asu) meaning "tomorrow" and 香 (ka) meaning "fragrance", or from 飛 (asu) meaning "to fly" and 鳥 (ka) meaning "bird". Other kanji combinations can be possible as well.

Modern form of Arminius.

French form of Apollinaris. It was adopted as a surname by the Polish-French poet Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918), who based it on his Polish middle name Apolinary.

Medieval English form of Agnes.

Variant of Aniyah.

Medieval name derived from Latin amicus meaning "friend". This was a popular name in the Middle Ages, though it has since become uncommon.

Derived from Greek ἀλήθεια (aletheia) meaning "truth". This name was coined in the 16th century.

From Japanese 明 (ake) meaning "bright" and 美 (mi) meaning "beautiful". Other kanji combinations are possible.

Means "living, alive" in Arabic. This was the name of Muhammad's third wife, the daughter of Abu Bakr. Some time after Muhammad's death she went to war against Ali, the fourth caliph, but was defeated. Her name is used more by Sunni Muslims and less by Shias.

This name began to be used in America in the 1970s, possibly inspired by Princess Aisha of Jordan (1968-), the daughter of King Hussein and his British-born wife. It received a boost in popularity after Stevie Wonder used it for his first daughter in 1975.

From Japanese 愛 (ai) meaning "love, affection" combined with 莉 (ri) meaning "white jasmine" or 梨 (ri) meaning "pear". Other combinations of kanji characters are possible.

Latinized form of the Greek name Ἅγνη (Hagne), derived from Greek ἁγνός (hagnos) meaning "chaste". Saint Agnes was a virgin martyred during the persecutions of the Roman emperor Diocletian. The name became associated with Latin agnus "lamb", resulting in the saint's frequent depiction with a lamb by her side. Due to her renown, the name became common in Christian Europe.

As an English name it was highly popular from the Middle Ages until the 17th century. It was revived in the 19th century and was common into the 20th, but it fell into decline after the 1930s. It last appeared on the American top 1000 rankings in 1972.