Most people with the Delaney surname trace their ancestry to Ireland, usually Co. Meath. The name is common in the Canadian province of Newfoundland which has strong connections to the Republic of Ireland.
― Anonymous User 1/14/2006
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The name also comes from the Irish Gaelic surname "Ó Dubhshláine" ("descendant of Dubhshláine"). Dubhshláine, in itself, means "dark challenge," (dubh: black; slán: challenge, defiance). I, by mistake, thought it meant black river, since I happened to see the words "Sláigne River".