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In Germany there was until recently the notion of Rufname, this is the given name by which you usually go. In principle the Rufname could be any of the given names, in practice it was mostly the first one or the second one. In personal documents the Rufname was marked by underlining but this practice was given up a few decades ago.

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The resulting problems (people being called by their first name that wasn't their Rufname) lead to a change in German law: it is now allowed to officially reorder one's given names to put the Rufname first.

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In your example Anna Maria Dorothea Schultz, The Rufname could be one of Anna (or a diminutive like Änke, Ännchen, ...) Maria (Marike, Mariechen, ...), or Dorothea (Dorle, Thea, Orthe, ...).