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Re the etymology of the name Javert. Given that this is Inspector Javert surname, we are nevertold his first name. Now most surnames are based on 1/ Occupation of an ancestor e.g. Smith 2/ name of an an snscestor Peters / Peterson or place of origin. In the book Victor Hugo states "The peasants of Asturias are convinced that in every litter of wolves there is one dog, which is killed by the mother because, otherwise, as he grew up, he would devour the other little ones.Give to this dog-son of a wolf a human face, and the result will be Javert." Implying that Javert is originally from Northern Spain with the assumption that either he or more likely his father originates from on or around Javier or he is or his father were named after St Francisco Javier.
A Northern Spanish Saint of the 16th century; he is much venerated in Spain where Francisco Javier or Javier ( and variants there of) are common male given names.
Hope this helps