The Census Bureau has released the 2010 list of most common surnames in the U.S.:
https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/random-samplings/2016/12/what_s_in_a_name.html
https://www.census.gov/topics/population/genealogy/data/2010_surnames.html
This is an update of the previous lists, based on the 1990 and 2000 censuses.