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From Sanskrit yuj, cognate with English yoke, to yoke or to join, one gets yuga. It can mean a yoke, or, in compounds, a pair, but the most common use is to mean a period of time, typically astronomical or astrological. aMsha of uncertain etymology (traditionally from the root aMsh, to dvide; but possibly related to ash, gain) means a part. Together yugaMsha means a part of a period of time, and the final -a is dropped in many modern Indian pronounciations. The same word is yugaMshaka (The suffix -ka often does not change the meaning), and yugAnshikA would be the feminine. Note however that the difference between k and kh is phonemic in most North Indian languages, and I do not know any word like yugAnshikhA.

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shikhA is again of uncertain etymology, but may be related to shi, to sharpen, and means a lock of hair left after a proper shaving of the head. It, by extension, also means any crest, any point, a summit, the nipples, a flame, the feeling of deep love, etc.