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Sometimes, although it depends on the culture of a specific area. For instance in my region I would assume Pat and Terry were short for Patricia and Teresa, not Patrick and Terrence. If you mentioned "Pat" without any gendered pronouns I'd assume "she".

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I wouldn't assume one way or the other with Sam or Lee. With Alex and Chris I'd probably assume boy first, but wouldn't be surprised at all if they were girls and I'd probably ask instead of just assuming if I needed to know. With Mickey, I'd assume boy and probably not bother to ask. I think most people avoid that name anyway though, because it sounds like Mickey Mouse.

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All the names you mentioned for boys, yes I would assume they were girls. I've met several boys named Kelly but it's still a girl name by default in my brain. As an American I'm vaguely aware that there are girls named Ashley in the world but that's not a fact I would remember in the moment, I'd just automatically assume it was a girl and not consider that I might be wrong unless someone corrected me.
I've also met a few boys named Mackenzie, and I like that name on a boy, but I still would assume girl if someone just mentioned the name with no gendered pronouns attached.