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Excalibur is a late addition to the legend, and has no bearing on the name. Given that in the early post-Roman period most Welsh leaders had Latin or even Germanic names (Germanic tribes such as the Franks, Goths and Vandals forming not only the Empire's fighting power, but also it's military leadership), a Celtic origin is not strictly necessary, and there are problems with the suggested Celtic origins, in that they would not normally produce a name of the form and pronunciation of Arthur which occurs in the known texts. In the Latin name theory we hit a dead end, as the proposed family name (Artorius) is itself probably not Latin in origin, and potentially a Latinised version of a pre-Indo-European name thus now indecipherable (many "Greek" names have the same problem).